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This research was conducted as part of a national project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU), the Spanish National Research Agency (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), grant number RTI2018-097074-B-C21 and C-22.

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Article

Durability of Construction and Demolition Waste-Bearing Ternary Eco-Cements

Publicated to:Materials. 15 (8): 2921- - 2022-04-01 15(8), DOI: 10.3390/ma15082921

Authors: Moreno-Juez, Jaime; Caneda-Martinez, Laura; Vigil de la Villa, Raquel; Vegas, Inigo; Frias, Moises;

Affiliations

Astondo Bidea, Basque Res & Technol Alliance BRTA, Tecnalia, Edificio 700,Parque Tecnol Bizkaia, Derio 48160, Spain - Author
Eduardo Torroja Inst Construct Sci IETcc CSIC, Madrid 28033, Spain - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Geol & Geoquim, Geomateri Unidad Asociada CSIC UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain - Author

Abstract

In recent years, the development of ternary cements has become a priority research line for obtaining cements with a lower carbon footprint, with the goal to contribute to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. This study compared ordinary Portland cement (OPC) durability to the performance of ternary cements bearing OPC plus 7% of a 2:1 binary blend of either calcareous (Hc) or siliceous (Hs) concrete waste fines and shatterproof glass. Durability was measured further to the existing legislation for testing concrete water absorption, effective porosity, pressurized water absorption and resistance to chlorides and CO2. The experimental findings showed that the 7% blended mortars performed better than the reference cement in terms of total and effective porosity, but they absorbed more pressurized water. They also exhibited lower CO2 resistance, particularly in the calcareous blend, likely due to its higher porosity. Including the binary blend of CDW enhanced chloride resistance with diffusion coefficients of 2.9 x 10(-11) m(2) s(-1) (calcareous fines-glass, 7%Hc-G) and 1.5 x 10(-11) m(2) s(-1) (siliceous fines-glass, 7%Hs-G) compared to the reference cement's 4.3 x 10(-11) m(2) s(-1). The siliceous fines-glass blend out-performed the calcareous blend in all the durability tests. As the mortars with and without CDW (construction and demolition waste) performed to similar standards overall, the former were deemed viable for the manufacture of future eco-efficient cements.

Keywords
binary pozzolanic blendconcrete finesconstruction and demolition wastedurabilityexternal agentsglassAshBehaviorBinary pozzolanic blendCarbonationConcreteConcrete finesConstruction and demolition wasteDurabilityExternal agentsGlassMortarPortland-cementProductsReactivityResistanceTernary cement mortars

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Materials due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2022, it was in position 20/79, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría Materials Science (Miscellaneous).

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 1.33, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions May 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-05-15, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 1
  • Scopus: 3
  • OpenCitations: 3
Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-05-15:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 26 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.