The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

October 19, 2020

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The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

Publicated to: ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES. 249 (1): 3-3 - 2020-07-01 249(1), DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ab929e

Authors:

Ahumada, Romina; Allende Prieto, Carlos; Almeida, Andres; Anders, Friedrich; Anderson, Scott F; Andrews, Brett H; Anguiano, Borja; Arcodia, Riccardo; Armengaud, Eric; Aubert, Marie; Avila, Santiago; Avila-Reese, Vladimir; Badenes, Carles; Balland, Christophe; Barger, Kat; Barrera-Ballesteros, Jorge K; Basu, Sarbani; Bautista, Julian; Beaton, Rachael L; Beers, Timothy C; Benavides, B Izamar T; Bender, Chad F; Bernardi, Mariangela; Bershady, Matthew; Beutler, Florian; Bidin, Christian Moni; Bird, Jonathan; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Blanc, Guillermo A; Blanton, Michael R; Boquien, Mederic; Borissova, Jura; Bovy, Jo; Brandt, W N; Brinkmann, Jonathan; Brownstein, Joel R; Bundy, Kevin; Bureau, Martin; Burgasser, Adam; Burtin, Etienne; Cano-Diaz, Mariana; Capasso, Raffaella; Cappellari, Michele; Carrera, Ricardo; Chabanier, Solene; Chaplin, William; Chapman, Michael; Cherinka, Brian; Chiappini, Cristina; Choi, Peter Doohyun; Chojnowski, S Drew; Chung, Haeun; Clerc, Nicolas; Coffey, Damien; Comerford, Julia M; Comparat, Johan; da Costa, Luiz; Cousinou, Marie-Claude; Covey, Kevin; Crane, Jeffrey D; Cunha, Katia; Ilha, Gabriele da Silva; Dai, Yu Sophia; Damsted, Sanna B; Darling, Jeremy; Davidson, James W, Jr; Davies, Roger; Dawson, Kyle; De, Nikhil; de la Macorra, Axel; Lee, Nathan De; de Andrade Queiroz, Anna Barbara; Machado, Alice Deconto; de la Torre, Sylvain; Dell'Agli, Flavia; des Bourboux, Helion du Mas; Diamond-Stanic, Aleksandar M; Dillon, Sean; Donor, John; Drory, Niv; Duckworth, Chris; Dwelly, Tom; Ebelke, Garrett; Eftekharzadeh, Sarah; Eigenbrot, Arthur Davis; Elsworth, Yvonne P; Eracleous, Mike; Erfanianfar, Ghazaleh; Escoffier, Stephanie; Fan, Xiaohui; Farr, Emily; Fernandez-Trincado, Jose G; Feuillet, Diane; Finoguenov, Alexis; Fofie, Patricia; Fraser-McKelvie, Amelia; Frinchaboy, Peter M; Fromenteau, Sebastien; Fu, Hai; Galbany, Lluis; Garcia, Rafael A; Garcia-Hernandez, D A; Oehmichen, Luis Alberto Garma; Ge, Junqiang; Maia, Marcio Antonio Geimba; Geisler, Doug; Gelfand, Joseph; Goddy, Julian; Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta; Grabowski, Kathleen; Green, Paul; Grier, Catherine J; Guo, Hong; Guy, Julien; Harding, Paul; Hasselquist, Sten; Hawken, Adam James; Hayes, Christian R; Hearty, Fred; Hekker, S; Hogg, David W; Holtzman, Jon A; Horta, Danny; Hou, Jiamin; Hsieh, Bau-Ching; Huber, Daniel; Hunt, Jason A S; Chitham, J Ider; Imig, Julie; Jaber, Mariana; Angel, Camilo Eduardo Jimenez; Johnson, Jennifer A; Jones, Amy M; Jonsson, Henrik; Jullo, Eric; Kim, Yerim; Kinemuchi, Karen; Kirkpatrick, Charles C; Kite, George W; Klaene, Mark; Kneib, Jean-Paul; Kollmeier, Juna A; Kong, Hui; Kounkel, Marina; Krishnarao, Dhanesh; Lacerna, Ivan; Lan, Ting-Wen; Lane, Richard R; Law, David R; Le Goff, Jean-Marc; Leung, Henry W; Lewis, Hannah; Li, Cheng; Lian, Jianhui; Lin, Lihwai; Long, Dan; Longa-Pena, Penelope; Lundgren, Britt; Lyke, Brad W; Mackereth, J Ted; MacLeod, Chelsea L; Majewski, Steven R; Manchado, Arturo; Maraston, Claudia; Martini, Paul; Masseron, Thomas; Masters, Karen L; Mathur, Savita; McDermid, Richard M; Merloni, Andrea; Merrifield, Michael; Meszaros, Szabolcs; Miglio, Andrea; Minniti, Dante; Minsley, Rebecca; Miyaji, Takamitsu; Mohammad, Faizan Gohar; Mosser, Benoit; Mueller, Eva-Maria; Muna, Demitri; Munoz-Gutierrez, Andrea; Myers, Adam D; Nadathur, Seshadri; Nair, Preethi; Nandra, Kirpal; do Nascimento, Janaina Correa; Nevin, Rebecca Jean; Newman, Jeffrey A; Nidever, David L; Nitschelm, Christian; Noterdaeme, Pasquier; O'Connell, Julia E; Olmstead, Matthew D; Oravetz, Daniel; Oravetz, Audrey; Osorio, Yeisson; Pace, Zachary J; Padilla, Nelson; Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie; Palicio, Pedro A; Pan, Hsi-An; Pan, Kaike; Parker, James; Paviot, Romain; Peirani, Sebastien; Ramirez, Karla Pena; Penny, Samantha; Percival, Will J; Perez-Fournon, Ismael; Perez-Rafols, Ignasi; Petitjean, Patrick; Pieri, Matthew M; Pinsonneault, Marc; Poovelil, Vijith Jacob; Povick, Joshua Tyler; Prakash, Abhishek; Price-Whelan, Adrian M; Raddick, M Jordan; Raichoor, Anand; Ray, Amy; Rembold, Sandro Barboza; Rezaie, Mehdi; Riffel, Rogemar A; Riffel, Rogerio; Rix, Hans-Walter; Robin, Annie C; Roman-Lopes, A; Roman-Zuniga, Carlos; Rose, Benjamin; Ross, Ashley J; Rossi, Graziano; Rowlands, Kate; Rubin, Kate H R; Salvato, Mara; Sanchez, Ariel G; Sanchez-Menguiano, Laura; Sanchez-Gallego, Jose R; Sayres, Conor; Schaefer, Adam; Schiavon, Ricardo P; Schimoia, Jaderson S; Schlafly, Edward; Schlegel, David; Schneider, Donald P; Schultheis, Mathias; Schwope, Axel; Seo, Hee-Jong; Serenelli, Aldo; Shafieloo, Arman; Shamsi, Shoaib Jamal; Shao, Zhengyi; Shen, Shiyin; Shetrone, Matthew; Shirley, Raphael; Aguirre, Victor Silva; Simon, Joshua D; Skrutskie, M F; Slosar, Anze; Smethurst, Rebecca; Sobeck, Jennifer; Sodi, Bernardo Cervantes; Souto, Diogo; Stark, David, V; Stassun, Keivan G; Steinmetz, Matthias; Stello, Dennis; Stermer, Julianna; Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa; Streblyanska, Alina; Stringfellow, Guy S; Stutz, Amelia; Suarez, Genaro; Sun, Jing; Taghizadeh-Popp, Manuchehr; Talbot, Michael S; Tayar, Jamie; Thakar, Aniruddha R; Theriault, Riley; Thomas, Daniel; Thomas, Zak C; Tinker, Jeremy; Tojeiro, Rita; Toledo, Hector Hernandez; Tremonti, Christy A; Troup, Nicholas W; Tuttle, Sarah; Unda-Sanzana, Eduardo; Valentini, Marica; Vargas-Gonzalez, Jaime; Vargas-Magana, Mariana; Vazquez-Mata, Jose Antonio; Vivek, M; Wake, David; Wang, Yuting; Weaver, Benjamin Alan; Weijmans, Anne-Marie; Wild, Vivienne; Wilson, John C; Wilson, Robert F; Wolthuis, Nathan; Wood-Vasey, W M; Yan, Renbin; Yang, Meng; Yeche, Christophe; Zamora, Olga; Zarrouk, Pauline; Zasowski, Gail; Zhang, Kai; Zhao, Cheng; Zhao, Gongbo; Zheng, Zheng; Zhu, Guangtun; Zou, Hu

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Affiliations

Aix Marseille Univ, CPPM, CNRS IN2P3, Marseille, France - Author

Apache Point Observ, POB 59, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA - Author

Bates College - Author

California State University, Chico - Author

Carnegie Inst Sci, The Observatories, 813 Santa Barbara St, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA - Author

Center for Astrophysics & - Author

Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille - Author

Eberly College of Science - Author

Excellence Cluster ORIGINS - Author

Haverford College - Author

Inst Astrofis Canarias IAC, C Via Lactea S-N, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain - Author

Instituto Milenio de Astrofísica - Author

Laboratório Interinstitucional de E-Astronomia - Author

Leibniz Inst Astrophys Potsdam AIP, Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany - Author

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München - Author

Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany - Author

Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics - Author

Millennium Inst Astrophys MAS, Santiago, Chile - Author

Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow 119992, Russia - Author

New Mexico State Univ, POB 59, Sunspot, NM 88349 USA - Author

NYU, Ctr Cosmol & Particle Phys, Dept Phys, 726 Broadway,Room 1005, New York, NY 10003 USA - Author

Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova - Author

Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste - Author

Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA - Author

Penn State Univ, Eberly Coll Sci, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA - Author

Penn State Univ, Inst Gravitat & Cosmos, University Pk, PA 16802 USA - Author

Sejong University - Author

Sorbonne Univ, Lab Phys Nucl & Hautes Energies LPNHE, CNRS IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France - Author

South African Astron Observ, POB 9, ZA-7935 Cape Town, South Africa - Author

Space Sciences - Author

Texas Christian Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ft Worth, TX 76129 USA - Author

Texas Christian University - Author

The Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics - Author

The University of Utah - Author

Univ Antofagasta, Ctr Astron CITEVA, Ave Angamos 601, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile - Author

Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA - Author

Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis Teor, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author

Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor, UAM CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author

Univ Barcelona IEEC UB, Inst Ciencies Cosmos, Carrer Marti i Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain - Author

Univ Catolica Norte, Inst Astron, Av Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, Chile - Author

Univ La Laguna ULL, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain - Author

Univ La Serena, Inst Invest Multidisciplinario Ciencia & Tecnol, Ave Raul Bitran S-N, La Serena, Chile - Author

Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Astron, AP 70-264, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico - Author

Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Apdo Postal 20-364, Mexico City, DF, Mexico - Author

Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA - Author

Univ Notre Dame, JINA Ctr Evolut Elements, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA - Author

Univ Paris Saclay, CEA, IRFU, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France - Author

Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA - Author

Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, PITT PACC, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA - Author

Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Dennis Sciama Bldg, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England - Author

Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada - Author

Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, 50 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada - Author

Univ Valparaiso, Inst Fis & Astron, Av Gran Bretana 1111,Casilla 5030, Valparaiso, Chile - Author

Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA - Author

Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195 USA - Author

Univ Wisconsin, Dept Astron, 475N Charter St, Madison, WI 53703 USA - Author

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid - Author

Universidad Catolica del Norte - Author

Universidad de La Serena - Author

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - Author

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Morelos - Author

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - Author

Université Paris-Saclay - Author

Universite Paul Sabatier Toulouse III - Author

University of Birmingham - Author

University of California, Santa Cruz - Author

University of Iowa - Author

University of Notre Dame - Author

University of Nottingham - Author

University of Oxford - Author

University of Pittsburgh - Author

University of Portsmouth - Author

University of St Andrews - Author

University of Toronto - Author

University of Virginia - Author

University of Washington, Seattle - Author

University of Wisconsin-Madison - Author

Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, VU Stn 1807, Nashville, TN 37235 USA - Author

Williams College - Author

Yale Univ, Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA - Author

Abstract

© 2020. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.. This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library MaStar). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17).

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Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2020, it was in position 6/68, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Astronomy & Astrophysics. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

This publication has been distinguished as a “Highly Cited Paper” by the agencies WoS (ESI, Clarivate) and ESI (Clarivate), meaning that it ranks within the top 1% of the most cited articles in its thematic field during the year of its publication. In terms of the observed impact of the contribution, this work is considered one of the most influential worldwide, as it is recognized as highly cited. (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)

And this is evidenced by the extremely high normalized impacts through some of the main indicators of this type, which, although dynamic over time and dependent on the set of average global citations at the time of calculation, already indicate that they are well above the average in different agencies:

Normalization of citations relative to the expected citation rate (ESI) by the Clarivate agency: 39.52 (source consulted: ESI Nov 13, 2025)
Weighted Average of Normalized Impact by the Scopus agency: 48 (source consulted: FECYT Mar 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2026-04-03, the following number of citations:

WoS: 824
Scopus: 960
Open Alex: 231

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Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Australia; Brazil; Canada; Chile; China; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Hungary; Italy; Japan; Mexico; Republic of Korea; Russia; South African Republic; Sweden; Switzerland; Taiwan; United Arab Emirates; United Kingdom; United States of America; Vatican.

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The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

Affiliations

Abstract

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

Indexed in

Citations

Altmetrics

Analysis of institutional authors

Share

The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra

Affiliations

Abstract

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

Impact and social visibility

Leadership analysis of institutional authors