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Grant support

S.V., J.K., and A.-I.B. contributed equally to this work. This project was funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 Programme (H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015 and H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016) under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network, projects BrainMatTrain and Training4CRM Grant Agreement Nos. 676408 and 722779, respectively. Work at the CBMSO was supported by grants (to A.M.S.) SAF-2017-83241-R and RETICS TerCel RD16/0011/0032.

Analysis of institutional authors

Ramos-Moreno, TaniaAuthorMartinez-Serrano, AlbertoAuthor

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October 28, 2019
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Article

Leaky Optoelectrical Fiber for Optogenetic Stimulation and Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine Exocytosis from Human Dopaminergic Neurons

Publicated to:Advanced Science. 6 (1902011): 1902011- - 2019-12-01 6(1902011), DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902011

Authors: Vasudevan, Shashank; Kajtez, Janko; Bunea, Ada-Ioana; Gonzalez-Ramos, Ana; Ramos-Moreno, Tania; Heiskanen, Arto; Kokaia, Merab; Larsen, Niels B.; Martinez-Serrano, Alberto; Keller, Stephan S.; Emneus, Jenny;

Affiliations

Ctr Mol Biol Severo Ochoa UAM CSIC, Dept Mol Neuropathol, Nicolas Cabrera 1, Madrid 28049, Spain - Author
Lund Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Sci, Epilepsy Ctr, S-22184 Lund, Sweden - Author
Lund Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Div Neurosurg, Lund Stem Cell Ctr, S-22184 Lund, Sweden - Author
Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Biotechnol & Biomed DTU Bioengn, Bldg 423,Room 122, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark - Author
Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Hlth Technol DTU Hlth Tech, Bldg 423, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark - Author
Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Ctr Nano Fabricat & Characterizat DTU Nanola, Bldg 347, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark - Author
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Mol Biol, Nicolas Cabrera 1, E-28049 Madrid, Spain - Author
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Abstract

In Parkinson's disease, the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra leads to a decrease in the physiological levels of dopamine in striatum. The existing dopaminergic therapies effectively alleviate the symptoms, albeit they do not revert the disease progression and result in significant adverse effects. Transplanting dopaminergic neurons derived from stem cells could restore dopamine levels without additional motor complications. However, the transplanted cells disperse in vivo and it is not possible to stimulate them on demand to modulate dopamine release to prevent dyskinesia. In order to address these issues, this paper presents a multifunctional leaky optoelectrical fiber for potential neuromodulation and as a cell substrate for application in combined optogenetic stem cell therapy. Pyrolytic carbon coated optical fibers are laser ablated to pattern micro-optical windows to permit light leakage over a large area. The pyrolytic carbon acts as an excellent electrode for the electrochemical detection of dopamine. Human neural stem cells are genetically modified to express the light sensitive opsin channelrhodopsin-2 and are differentiated into dopaminergic neurons on the leaky optoelectrical fiber. Finally, light leaking from the micro-optical windows is used to stimulate the dopaminergic neurons resulting in the release of dopamine that is detected in real-time using chronoamperometry.

Keywords

dopamine exocytosishuman neural stem cellsleaky optical fibersoptogeneticsCarbonDeep brain-stimulationDifferentiationDopamine exocytosisGenerationHuman neural stem cellsIn-vitroLeaky optical fibersNeural stem-cellsOptogeneticsParkinsons-diseasePyrolysis

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Advanced Science due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2019, it was in position 16/314, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Materials Science, Multidisciplinary. Notably, the journal is positioned above the 90th percentile.

From a relative perspective, and based on the normalized impact indicator calculated from the Field Citation Ratio (FCR) of the Dimensions source, it yields a value of: 3.3, which indicates that, compared to works in the same discipline and in the same year of publication, it ranks as a work cited above average. (source consulted: Dimensions Aug 2025)

Specifically, and according to different indexing agencies, this work has accumulated citations as of 2025-08-02, the following number of citations:

  • WoS: 18
  • Scopus: 23
  • Europe PMC: 7

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-08-02:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 48.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 48 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 0.25.
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 1 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Denmark; Sweden.