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This trial was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FIS) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under registration number 07528. The translation has been financed by the redIAPP (Preventive Activities and Health Promotion Research Network).

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Gender, smoking, and tobacco cessation with pharmacological treatment in a cluster randomized clinical trial

Publicated to:Tobacco Induced Diseases. 22 177260- - 2024-02-01 22(), DOI: 10.18332/tid/177260

Authors: Minue-Lorenzo, Cesar; Olano-Espinosa, Eduardo; Minue-Estirado, Maria; Vizcaino-Sanchez, Jose-Maria; Camarelles-Guillem, Francisco; Granados-Garrido, Jose-Antonio; Ruiz-Pacheco, Margarita; Gamez-Cabero, Maria Isabel; Martinez-Suberviola, Francisco Javier; Serrano-Serrano, Encarnacion; Del Cura-Gonzalez, Isabel

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION Whether men find it easier to quit smoking than women is still controversial. Different studies have reported that the efficacy of pharmacological treatments could be different between men and women. This study conducted a secondary analysis of 'Subsidized pharmacological treatment for smoking cessation by the Spanish public health system' (FTFT-AP study) to evaluate the effectiveness of a drug-funded intervention for smoking cessation by gender. METHODS A pragmatic randomized clinical trial by clusters was used. The population included smokers aged >= 18 years, smoking >10 cigarettes per day, randomly assigned to an intervention group receiving regular practice and financed pharmacological treatment, or to a control group receiving only regular practice. The main outcome was continued abstinence at 12 months, self-reported and validated with CO-oximetry. The percentage, with 95% confidence intervals, of continued abstinence was compared between both groups at 12 months postintervention, by gender and the pharmacological treatment used. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 1154 patients from 29 healthcare centers were included. The average age was 46 years (SD=11.78) and 51.7% were men. Overall, the selfreported abstinence at 12 months was 11.1% (62) in women and 15.7% (93) in men (AOR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-2.0), and abstinence validated by CO-oximetry was 4.6% (26) and 5.9% (35) in women and men, respectively (OR=1.3; 95% CI: 0.7-2.2). In the group of smokers receiving nicotine replacement treatment, self-reported abstinence was higher in men compared to women (29.5% vs 13.5%, OR=2.7; 95% CI: 1.3-5.8). CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of a drug-financed intervention for smoking cessation was greater in men, who also showed better results in self-reported abstinence with nicotine replacement treatment.

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